Welcome to IAFI’s “Science Corner”!
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By measuring radioactive elements in rocks from Earth and other parts of the solar system, scientists can develop a timeline of our planet’s early years. Earth is roughly 4.54 billion years old. In that time, it has seen continents form...

What are Spokane’s Haystack Basalt Mounds? Q – Throughout the Spokane area there are what some call ‘haystacks’, basalt mounds that look like haystacks. There are many such on Spokane’s south hill and I’m including a photo of one that’s...

Any idea what made this formation? Q – This is in the Utah desert, south of Green River. I keep hearing that it might be clastic dikes? I have sent this pic to the USGS and they are kinda stumped...

Quaternary—What is that??? Ice Age Floods Institute Members may have heard the term Quaternary during Chapter Presentations and Field Trips, or may have learned that the Quaternary Period represents the last 2.588 million years (~2.6 million years) of earth history,...

The date that humans arrived in South America has been pushed back to at least 25,000 years ago, based on an unlikely source: bones from an extinct giant ground sloth that were crafted into pendants by ancient people. The presence...

Among the planets in the Solar System, Earth is unique for having plate tectonics. Mapping our planet through its long history creates a beautiful continental dance — mesmerizing in itself and a work of natural art. This is the first time...

The rapid decline of the British-Irish Ice Sheet thousands of years ago may hold lessons for how melting ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica will influence sea-level rise in the future. In an animation that spans tens of thousands of years,...

During the last ice age, humans ventured into two vast and completely unknown continents: North and South America. For nearly a century, researchers thought they knew how this wild journey occurred: The first people to cross the Bering Land Bridge,...

To date, Earth is the only planet we know of that has continents. Exactly how they formed and evolved is unclear, but we do know – because the edges of continents thousands of miles apart match up – that, at one...

It’s difficult for most people to grasp the immensity of time as it’s viewed by archeologists, much less as it’s viewed by geologist or cosmologists. One way often used by those scientists to model time in terms that others can...

The mantle hotspot now under Yellowstone is thought to have been the source of the voluminous Columbia River Basalts that erupted from 17 to 6 million years ago as the North American continent passed over the hotspot, and that now...

Long before dinosaurs, Earth was dominated by animals that were in many ways even more incredible. Carnivores such as Titanophoneus, or “titanic murderer,” stalked enormous armored reptiles the size of buffalo. Many of these animals died out in a mass extinction during...