Ice Age Floods Institute

Explore Deep Time at Coyote Wall with Geologist Lloyd DeKay
2026-05-09 07:45 - 23:00, 2026-05-16 07:45 - 11:00 (America/Los_Angeles) | White Salmon/Hood River Bridge Park and Ride, PGF5+M6, White Salmon, WA, 98672, United States
Have you ever looked at the dramatic cliffs and unusual rock formations of the Columbia River Gorge and wondered how they came to be?
This May, during the White Salmon Wildflower Festival, you’re invited to step into “deep time” on a guided geology walk with professional geologist Lloyd DeKay. This is more than a hike—it’s a journey through millions of years of volcanic eruptions, massive floods, and the relentless shaping power of water and time.
A Walk Through Ancient Landscapes
Set against the stunning backdrop of Coyote Wall, this experience explores the interconnected terrain of the Labyrinth and Syncline—some of the most geologically fascinating features in the Gorge.

Participants will:

Walk the scenic roadway and venture into the Labyrinth
Observe unique rock formations and folded layers up close
Learn how lava flows, Ice Age floods, and tectonic forces shaped the land
Pause for a bring-your-own snack/lunch beside peaceful Labyrinth Creek

Expect a moderately active outing of 2+ hours and 2+ miles round trip, with some light rock scrambling along the way.
Where: Meet-up at the Mt Adams Visitor Info Ctr at Mile Post 65, Highway 14, Lot 1 Heritage Plaza Parking, White Salmon
When: Meet by 7:45 Sharp | May 9 and May 16 | 2026
Cost: Free
Sign Up: White Salmon Wildflower Week Events – Scroll down that page to sign up – each date will fill at 15 participants.
See the Gorge Differently
By the end of this walk, you won’t just see the Gorge—you’ll understand it. Layers of basalt, carved valleys, and scattered boulders will tell a story of fire, flood, and time on a scale that reshapes your perspective.
Whether you’re a curious local or a visiting wildflower enthusiast, this is a rare opportunity to connect more deeply with the landscape that defines our region.
Come ready to hike, learn, and never look at the Gorge the same way again.
Meet Your Guide: Lloyd DeKay
Lloyd DeKay brings a lifetime of geological expertise and local passion to this experience.

BA in Earth Sciences – California State University, Northridge
MS in Geological Oceanography – University of Rhode Island
27-year career in global exploration with Gulf/Chevron

Since moving to the Gorge in 2007, Lloyd has become a cornerstone of the local naturalist and geology community. He serves as President of the Columbia River Gorge Chapter of the Ice Age Floods Institute and has led extensive efforts to expand educational resources, including interactive maps, field guides, and regional programming.
Locally, he’s also a co-founder of community initiatives in White Salmon and Bingen and a frequent field trip leader for Oregon State University’s Gorge Naturalist Program.

Cheney-Spokane Chapter Quarry Hike
2026-05-09 13:00 - 15:00 | Spokane Conservation District Office, 4422 E 8th Ave, Spokane Valley, WA, 99212, United States
🪨 Explore 1.3 Billion Years in One Afternoon!
Saturday, October 4 — Join the inimitable Michael Hamilton for a guided geology hike through Spokane Conservation District’s remarkable new headquarters, nestled in an ancient basalt quarry.
This site is both brand new and unimaginably old. The Quarry reveals a stunning cross-section of Earth’s history—1.3 billion years of geologic drama exposed in a short, accessible hike. Along the way, you’ll see and learn about the effects of Ice Age floods, huge lava flows, tectonic shifts, and more, all woven into a developing geologic trail for the community.
Don’t miss this rare chance to walk through deep time with expert insight and plenty of scenic stops. The new Scale House Market at the Quarry will be open with public bathrooms and the access gate will be open.
We will meet up at 1 PM in front of the SCD office. Good walking shoes are recommended for this easy-moderate hike.
Register for the hike using the button below. Each participant will need to have a signed liability waiver-click on the red button to download one for printing and bring it along. We will have more at the trailhead.

Lower Lake Wenatchee Area Field Trip—Saturday 6 June 2026
2026-06-06 10:00 - 16:00 | Lake Wenatchee State Park, 21588 SR 207, Leavenworth, WA, 98826, United States
Quick description: Our focus on this trip will be on alpine glaciation from various sources in the Eastern Cascades near the lower Lake Wenatchee Area. Enroute, we will mix in big picture geology, weather and climate, and human uses in the area. The trip will begin on the beach in the southern portion of Lake Wenatchee State Park.
Detailed schedule and the topics to be covered:

10:00 Stop 1—Lake Wenatchee State Park—Topics: Bedrock geology; weather & climate; Wenatchee River alpine glacier.
11:00 Depart
11:30 Stop 2—Northeast of Fish Lake —Topics: Fish Lake lobe of the Wenatchee River glacier; moraines & erratics; moraine-dammed lakes; Glacier Peak & Mt. St. Helens tephras.
12:15 Depart
12:45 Stop 3—Chiwawa River Valley Overlook—Topics: Chiwawa River alpine glacier; Mad River outlet glaciers; declining contemporary glaciers.
1:45 Depart
2:00 Stop 4—Meadow Creek Valley Overlook—Topics: Meadow Creek/Napeequa glaciers; Dirtyface Mountain cirques; Napeequa River capture by White River; moraine-dammed lakes.
2:45 Depart
3:15 Stop 5—Deep Creek at Morrow Meadow—Topics: Glacial meltwater, faulting, lateral valleys, and ice age lakes.
4:00 Depart for home

Logistics:

This trip is free and open to the public.
You will need a Discover Pass for Stop 1.
After Stop 1, we will drive on a mix of paved and good quality gravel forest roads. A Subaru-type AWD vehicle should do fine on the gravel roads.
I strongly encourage you to consider carpooling; parking will be limited at each of the stops and lengthy strings of automobiles can be unwieldy on narrow forest roads.
We will take short hikes at Stops 2, 3 and 4. By short, I mean 0.25 mi or less at each stop. The hiking terrain at Stops 3 and 4 will be fairly steep. Stops 2 and 4 will involve hiking off trail through recently logged areas.
No restroom or picnic facilities are available along our field trip route after Stop 1. Therefore, you will need to use the great outdoors if you need to go. Plan on eating lunch/snacks on the road or at the stops. There will not be a formal lunch stop.
Dogs and kids are fine to bring as long as they are well-behaved.
Dress for the weather. June weather here can be sunny and hot to rainy, windy & cool.
A pdf of the field guide is already posted on my CWU website at https://www.cwu.edu/academics/geography/_documents/karl-lillquist.php. Scroll down the page to “Field Guides”. You will find it under “Lower Lake Wenatchee Area”. Feel free to download and bring it on the field trip in digital format or print it out.
The Ellensburg Chapter of the Ice Age Floods Institute will also provide ~40 hard copies of the field guide for the trip. If you want a hard copy, please consider a cash donation to help defray the costs of the field guides (each costs about $15 to print).

Questions?
Email me at lillquis@cwu.edu or leave a phone message at 509 963-1184. Emails are best as I only check that phone a couple of times each week.

Athol Library Lecture: Introduction to the Ice Age Floods and the National Geologic Trail
2026-06-12 13:00 - 14:30 | Athol Library, 30399 3rd St, Athol, ID, 83801
At the end of the last Ice Age an ice dam in northern Idaho created Glacial Lake Missoula stretching 3,000 square miles around Missoula, Montana. The dam burst and released flood waters across Washington, down the Columbia River into Oregon before reaching the Pacific Ocean. The Ice Age Floods forever changed the lives and landscape of the Pacific Northwest.
The Ice Age Floods National Geologic Trail is a network of routes, sites, and interpretive centers that follow the pathways of the repeated Ice Age megafloods released from Glacial Lake Missoula between roughly 18,000 and 15,000 years ago. These floods reshaped the Pacific Northwest on a continental scale, carving features such as the Channeled Scablands, Grand Coulee, Dry Falls, Palouse Falls, and the Columbia River Gorge. It spans four states—Montana, Idaho, Washington, and Oregon—and links dozens of geologic landmarks that preserve evidence of these enormous floods.
Presented by Don Chadbourne, geologist and board member of the Ice Age Floods Institute (IAFI), Cheney-Spokane Chapter
No registration required. Call Librarian Ali Spahn with any questions at 208-683-2979.

Harrison Library Lecture: Introduction to the Ice Age Floods and the National Geologic Trail
2026-06-16 16:30 - 18:00 | Harrison Library, 111 S Coeur d’Alene Avenue, Harrison, ID, 83833
At the end of the last Ice Age an ice dam in northern Idaho created Glacial Lake Missoula stretching 3,000 square miles around Missoula, Montana. The dam burst and released flood waters across Washington, down the Columbia River into Oregon before reaching the Pacific Ocean. The Ice Age Floods forever changed the lives and landscape of the Pacific Northwest.
The Ice Age Floods National Geologic Trail is a network of routes, sites, and interpretive centers that follow the pathways of the repeated Ice Age megafloods released from Glacial Lake Missoula between roughly 18,000 and 15,000 years ago. These floods reshaped the Pacific Northwest on a continental scale, carving features such as the Channeled Scablands, Grand Coulee, Dry Falls, Palouse Falls, and the Columbia River Gorge. It spans four states—Montana, Idaho, Washington, and Oregon—and links dozens of geologic landmarks that preserve evidence of these enormous floods.
Presented by Don Chadbourne, geologist and board member of the Ice Age Floods Institute (IAFI), Cheney-Spokane Chapter
No registration required. Call Librarian Ani Matosian with any questions at 208-689-3976.

Post Falls Library Lecture: What Happened when the Dam Burst?
2026-06-24 13:00 - 14:30 | Post Falls Library, 821 N Spokane St, Post Falls, ID, 83854
Geologist Michael Hamilton talks about the geology of the Spokane area which reveals an interesting part of the glacial flood story. When the glacial ice dam failed, the area immediately downstream received deposits of sediments and various landforms that provide clues of what happened when the dam burst. What we see in the flood deposits around Spokane also suggest insights on the sequence and size of the outburst floods.
Presented by Michael Hamilton, geologist and board member of the Ice Age Floods Institute (IAFI), Cheney-Spokane Chapter
No registration required. Call Librarian Grace Lippman with any questions at 208-773-1506.

Spirit Lake Library Lecture: The Ice Age Missoula floods and the Spirit Lake giant current dune field
2026-06-27 13:00 - 14:30 | Spirit Lake Library, 32575 N 5th Ave, Spirit Lake, ID, 83869
Giant Current Dunes or MegaRipple Marks – One of the most important pieces of evidence for catastrophic flooding was the “giant current dunes.” These large-scale bedforms appeared as patterns of parallel ridges and swales on many aerial photographs in the flood channels in the scabland of Washington, but had escaped recognition from the ground because of their size.
Giant Current Dunes are visible west of Clark Fork near Castle Rock; however, the most prominent and visible Giant Current Dunes are located several miles east of Spirit Lake along Hwy 54 where the highway cuts through the dunes showing their undulating profile. The location of many of the telephone poles on the crest of these dunes accentuates these landforms. The dunes form transverse to the current direction, and form cusps that are convex upstream, with arms that point downstream. Furthermore, the size of the cusps appears to decrease in the direction of lower velocity. Internally, the dunes consist of gravel and pebble foresets.
Giant current dunes exhibit an asymmetrical profile with the downstream (lee) slope steeper than the upstream slope. Crests range from 20 to 200m apart and heights range from 1 to 15m (Baker and Nummedal, 1978) and are among the largest measured throughout the Floods area. The Spirit Lake current dunes can also be easily recognized from the air by their characteristic pattern, accentuated by vegetation. This dune field is immediately in the path of the breakout from Lake Pend Oreille, and experienced some of the highest energy flows.
Presented by Dr. Linda McCollum, president of the Ice Age Floods Institute (IAFI), Cheney-Spokane Chapter
No registration required. Call Librarian Nicole Ferris with any questions at 208-623-5353.
PDF Resource Materials

Waitt, R.B. 2016 Megafloods and Clovis cache at Wenatchee, Washington
Baker, V.R. 2023 J Harlen Bretz & the cataclysmic Late Pleistocene mega-flooding origin of the Channeled Scabland
Romano, M. 2015 Reviewing the term uniformitarianism in modern Earth sciences
Baker, V.R. Sept. 1995 Joseph Thomas Pardee and the Spokane Flood Controversy

Hayden Library Lecture: Dating Erratic Boulders: How Long Ago Were the Floods?
2026-07-07 13:00 - 13:30 | Hayden Library, 8385 N Government Wy, Hayden Lake, ID, 83835
How do geologists know when the ice age floods actually occurred in the Spokane area? One method is to date the large flood-rafted erratic boulders. We explore the ages of the floods and the methods used to determine their dates and present newly gathered dates from the Spokane region revealing when the floods happened.
Presented by Glenn Cruickshank, vice president of the Ice Age Floods Institute (IAFI), Cheney-Spokane Chapter, and Dr. Jim O’Connor, USGS
No registration required. Call Librarian Kathleen Kennedy with any questions at 208-772-5612 x126.

Rathdrum Library Lecture: Dating Erratic Boulders: How Long Ago Were the Floods?
2026-07-14 15:00 - 16:30 | Rathdrum Library, 16320 ID-41, Rathdrum, ID, 83858
How do geologists know when the ice age floods actually occurred in the Spokane area? One method is to date the large flood-rafted erratic boulders. We explore the ages of the floods and the methods used to determine their dates and present newly gathered dates from the Spokane region revealing when the floods happened.
Presented by Glenn Cruickshank, vice president of the Ice Age Floods Institute (IAFI), Cheney-Spokane Chapter
No registration required. Call Librarian Tiffany Berg with any questions at 208-687-1029.

Spirit Lake Library Lecture II: The Ice Age Missoula floods and the Spirit Lake giant current dune field
2026-07-21 13:00 - 14:30 | Spirit Lake Library, 32575 N 5th Ave, Spirit Lake, ID, 83869
(This will be the same presentation as June 27.) Giant Current Dunes or MegaRipple Marks – One of the most important pieces of evidence for catastrophic flooding was the “giant current dunes.” These large-scale bedforms appeared as patterns of parallel ridges and swales on many aerial photographs in the flood channels in the scabland of Washington, but had escaped recognition from the ground because of their size.
Giant Current Dunes are visible west of Clark Fork near Castle Rock; however, the most prominent and visible Giant Current Dunes are located several miles east of Spirit Lake along Hwy 54 where the highway cuts through the dunes showing their undulating profile. The location of many of the telephone poles on the crest of these dunes accentuates these landforms. The dunes form transverse to the current direction, and form cusps that are convex upstream, with arms that point downstream. Furthermore, the size of the cusps appears to decrease in the direction of lower velocity. Internally, the dunes consist of gravel and pebble foresets.
Giant current dunes exhibit an asymmetrical profile with the downstream (lee) slope steeper than the upstream slope. Crests range from 20 to 200m apart and heights range from 1 to 15m (Baker and Nummedal, 1978) and are among the largest measured throughout the Floods area. The Spirit Lake current dunes can also be easily recognized from the air by their characteristic pattern, accentuated by vegetation. This dune field is immediately in the path of the breakout from Lake Pend Oreille, and experienced some of the highest energy flows.
Presented by Dr. Linda McCollum, president of the Ice Age Floods Institute (IAFI), Cheney-Spokane Chapter
No registration required. Call Librarian Nicole Ferris with any questions at 208-623-5353.
PDF Resource Materials

Waitt, R.B. 2016 Megafloods and Clovis cache at Wenatchee, Washington
Baker, V.R. 2023 J Harlen Bretz & the cataclysmic Late Pleistocene mega-flooding origin of the Channeled Scabland
Romano, M. 2015 Reviewing the term uniformitarianism in modern Earth sciences
Baker, V.R. Sept. 1995 Joseph Thomas Pardee and the Spokane Flood Controversy

Cancelled: Ice Age Floods Fest 2026 - July 25th, 10AM-3PM, Sun Lakes Dry Falls Amphitheater
2026-07-25 10:00 - 15:00 | Sun Lakes State Park, Deep Lake Parking Lot (47.58848153536495, -119.34090712166719), WA, United States
Sun Lakes Dry Falls State Park
Cancelled due to poor air quality:
The Ice Age Floods Fest is happening Saturday July 25th , 2026 – 10 AM – 3 PM
Even though the Dry Falls Visitor Center is under construction/renovations, the event has been moved for this year to the Amphitheater, Sun Lakes Dry Falls State Park. It will be a nice casual gathering of “ologist” types, who enjoy sharing their knowledge, history, and expertise. Cold drinks and snacks will be available!
Dale Lehman, Ice Age Floods Institute – Puget Lobe Chapter President, and an EXCELLENT Earth Science teacher is leading a hike at the Umatilla Rock trailhead to Green Lake. The hike is an easy 3 miles that will highlight the amazing features of Ice Age Flood geology, geomorphology, and Shrub Steppe ecosystems.
There will be booths manned by IAFI and local agencies, maybe a stream table as well as information related to the floods story. Each participant will have their own picnic table, folding table, and canopy. We are setting up on the lawn directly behind the Mobile Office in the Amphitheater parking lot.
• Archeologist – Mark Amara, representing the Cascadia Conservation District, WSU Master Gardeners; focusing on soils, archaeology, native seeds, and stone age tools as well as a hands-on sieving activity and rocks quiz for those interested. The booth
will highlight the importance of historical artifacts, tools of trade, and hands-on activity too.
• Columbia Basin Conservation District – programs on Shrub Steppe ecology, Soils, promoting healthy soils, clean water, thriving wildlife habitat, and sustainable
agriculture for present and future generations.
• Grant County Historians/authors: Dan Bolyard & John M. Kemble – Dan Bolyard has been a lifelong Grant County Big Bend area resident and railroad historian. John M. Kemble is a local historian and explorer highlighting Dry Falls, Sun Lakes, Steamboat Rock, The Grand Coulee, and Banks Lake.
• Ice Age Floods Institute – Lower Grand Coulee Chapter, Puget Sound Lobe, and other Ice Age Flood Institute chapters highlighted on a 3D map of Oregon, Idaho, Montana, and Washington.
• Lucy Stanger – An enrolled member and Historian of the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation. Lucy will have historic photographs telling the story and the history of the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation. She will also share the history of the beautiful landscape of the Dry Falls area and surrounding landscapes.
• National Park Service – Ice Age Floods National Geologic Trail mobile visitor center, plus the history of the local area and features found.
• North Central Regional Library –April Harward, learn about the NCW Summer Library programs – “Plant a Seed, Read” – Summer Reading Program
• The River Mile Network – Janice Elvidge, Founder + Program Manager, The River Mile, Retired Education Specialist, Lake Roosevelt National Recreation Area.
• Washington State Parks – hosting the Rolling River showcasing the power of water, Impression of the Park – Arts & Crafts & cool Ice Age button making too.
Umatilla Rock @ Dry Falls
Field Trip hike: 10:00 AM – 11:30 AM Saturday, July 25th, 2026
Where: Umatilla Rock Trail to Green Lake at Sun Lakes-Dry Falls S.P.
The Umatilla Rock Trail at Sun Lakes–Dry Falls State Park offers one of the best short geologic hikes in Washington’s Channeled Scablands. The trail winds through a landscape carved by the immense Ice Age floods that swept across eastern Washington about 15,000–18,000 years ago. From the trail, hikers enjoy sweeping views of Dry Falls, Monument Coulee, and the chain of lakes left behind by the Ice Age floods—an unforgettable reminder of one of the largest flood events known in Earth’s recent geologic history.
With: Dale Lehman, an outstanding Earth Science Teacher, and Puget Lobe Chapter President of the Ice Age Floods Institute. Dale has taught Earth science, Honors Earth science, and Earth and Space sciences 101 through the University of Washington’s college in the high school program. Dale’s passion for the landscape of the Columbia Plateau continues today.
For more information contact Ranger David McWalter (david.mcwalter@parks.wa.gov) at 509-634-9993

POSTPONED: North Idaho Fall Field Trip August 29, 2026
2026-08-29 08:00 - 16:00 | Washington
Due to the high fire danger and air quality concerns, the IAFI Cheney-Spokane Chapter has decided to postpone the Saturday, August 29 field trip to north Idaho until late spring or early summer of 2027. We would welcome your input on which Saturdays in the upcoming May and June that you would most likely consider at this time. Send your input to us at cheneyspokane@iafi.org.

Lake Lewis Chapter Lecture: Lake Lewis with George Last
2026-09-01 18:30 - 20:00 | The Reach Museum, 1943 Columbia Park Trl , WA, Richland, WA, 99352, United States
The Lake Lewis Chapter of the Ice Age Floods Institute will host a chapter meeting and guest lecture with George Last on September 1st, 2026. This presentation will continue the 2026 lecture theme as we explore flood stories along the path from ancient Lake Missoula to the Pacific Ocean. This lecture will feature discussions on our own local feature – Lake Lewis!
George Last will discuss the importance of Lake Lewis to our understanding of the Ice Age Floods that repeatedly inundated the Tri-City area. He will examine some of the early geologic studies, Lake Lewis’s pivotal role in the debate over these cataclysmic floods, and some of the latest data from the Tri-City area.
This event will be hosted at the REACH Museum in Richland, Washington and is free to the public. No registration required. This event will also be broadcast live. This event will be updated with instructions for joining online.
Chapter Meeting: 6:30 – 7:00 PM (PST)
Guest Lecture w/ George Last: 7:00 – 8:00 PM (PST)
Questions may be emailed to lakelewis@iafi.org

Cancelled - Lake Cle Elum Field Trip, Saturday, 26 September 2026
2026-09-26 10:00 - 16:00 | Cle Elum Lake, 47° 15' 10.0800" N 121° 3' 47.3400" W, Cle Elum, WA, United States
Given the Three Queens, King, and Goat fires in the upper Cle Elum drainage, we are cancelling our September 26 field trip to that area. The end of those fires is not in sight, and we can’t even get up into the area to preview a trip. So…lets look to 2027 and we will try to figure out a way to dodge fires, likely by offering our field trips earlier in the year—e.g., April, May, June and July.
Mike Horner, Tom Ring, and Karl Lillquist had planned to lead a field trip to the Lake Cle Elum on Saturday 26 September 2026. Plan on ~10am-4pm.
They are still working out the details of the trip but it will likely include discussion of:

1) glaciation’s role in shaping the Cle Elum River Valley;
2) Cle Elum River flows pre- and post-dam construction;
3) restoration of the Cle Elum River floodplain;
4) impacts of raising pool level on Lake Cle Elum shorelines; and 5) improving fish passage at Cle Elum Dam.

This trip will especially tap into the expertise of Tom who has years of experience working on water issues in the Yakima River Basin (including Lake Cle Elum) and Mike whose M.S. thesis focused on potential shoreline issues associated with a higher Lake Cle Elum.
They will provide more details as they solidify the plan. Hope you can join us!

The Missoula Floods and Other Geological Happenings in the Columbia River Gorge
2026-11-03 18:30 - 20:00 | The Reach Museum, 1943 Columbia Park Trl , WA, Richland, WA, 99352, United States
The Lake Lewis Chapter of the Ice Age Floods Institute will host a chapter meeting and guest lecture with Jim O’Connor, U.S. Geological Survey – Portland, Oregon on November 3rd, 2026. This presentation will round out the 2026 lecture theme as we explore flood stories along the path from ancient Lake Missoula to the Pacific Ocean.
Starting with J Harlen Bretz and Ira Williams in 1915, geologists have been on the trail of the Missoula floods in the Columbia River Gorge. This work continues, addressing lingering and new questions, such as how many, how big, when, from where, and what did they do? Jim will summarize the current state of understanding, as well as other Columbia River Gorge stories being worked on by the USGS mapping group.

This event will be hosted at the REACH Museum in Richland, Washington and is free to the public. No registration required. This event will also be broadcast live. This event will be updated with instructions for joining online.
Chapter Meeting: 6:30 – 7:00 PM (PST)
Guest Lecture w/ Jim O’Connor: 7:00 – 8:00 PM (PST)
Questions may be emailed to lakelewis@iafi.org

POSTPONED Until August 2027: Bretz Was Right: A Pre‑Birthday Floods‑Fest
2027-08-28 10:00 - 14:00 | Washington
Update on 5/21/26: Sorry, but due to a heavy summer schedule we’ve had to postpone this event until next year to give us more time to plan.
Our Cheney-Spokane chapter is planning a special late‑summer gathering on Saturday, August 28, 2027 in honor of J Harlen Bretz, whose birthday falls just a few days later (September 2). Bretz’s groundbreaking work on the Ice Age floods reshaped the scientific understanding of the Northwest—and we think that deserves a celebration.
We’re still shaping the details, but expect a relaxed, community‑friendly event that highlights the Bretz legacy and the remarkable landscapes he helped the world understand. More information will be posted as plans develop.

He mapped the scablands bold and bright,
Said “Floods did this!” with all his might.
For thirty years they told him “No”…
’Til evidence began to flow.
So join us as we celebrate
The man who made the floods make sense —
A pre‑birthday bash for J Harlen Bretz,
Who proved the skeptics wrong (immense!).
