Cacti of Washington State - A History - Dixie Dringman; reprinted with permission from http://www.wenatcheeoutdoors.org; Fall; 2008; n. 5; v. 3; pg. 2.
Castle Lake Cataract and Plunge Pool Hike - Excerpted from: On the Trail of the Ice Age Floods: The Northern Reaches; by Bruce Bjornstad and Eugene Kiver; Summer 2011; v 8; n 2; pg 6.
Dry Falls - As the name suggests, Dry Falls no longer carries water, but is the remnant of what was once the largest waterfall known to have existed on earth.
Dry Falls Trail - Bruce Bjornstad and Gene Kiver; Summer 2012; v 9 n 2
Glacial Lake Missoula Strandlines - The slopes on the northwestern facing aspects of the hills around Missoula, MT, have well developed strandlines or shorelines left over from Glacial Lake Missoula about 20,000 years ago.
Gorge Discovery Center Kolk Pond - Just outside the giant windows at the end of the Columbia Gorge Discovery Center main gallery lies a large, water-filled Kolk pond dug into the basalt bedrock by turbulent flood waters during one or more of the Ice Age Floods.
Hoodoo Scablands at John Day Dam - Hoodoo Scablands just upstream of the John Day Dam are characterized by rubbly low-relief mounds and unusual standing spires (hoodoos) of remnant, Floods battered basalt.
Ice Age Floods Final Rest - The sediment-laden Ice Age Floods swept down the then exposed Columbia River channel, now the Astoria and Willapa Submarine Canyons, and on across the deep water Astoria Fan, Escanaba Trough and Tufts Fan.
J Harlen Bretz; (1882-1981) - Part 2 (continued from March Issue) - Cassandra Tate is a staff historian for http://www.historylink.org; the online encyclopedia of Washington State history. Her HistoryLink.org Essay 8382 article; is reprinted with permission. Summer 2008; v. 5; n. 2; pg. 2.
J Harlen Bretz; (1882-1981) - Part I - by Cassandra Tate; Spring 2008; v. 5; n. 1; pg. 2. Cassandra Tate is a staff historian for http://www.historylink.org; the online encyclopedia of Washington State history. Her HistoryLink.org Essay 8382 article; is reprinted with permission.
Monster Rock, Ephrata Fan - The basalt and granite boulders now littering the Ephrata Fan were carried there by torrents of water that gushed out of a canyon called the Grand Coulee. The largest of these, “Monster Rock”, is estimated to be about 8m (25 feet) in diameter and contains over 500 cubic yards of rock that weighs over 1,500 tons!
Mosier Granodiorite Erratic - In the bowels of an immense State of Oregon gravel pit, the eye is immediately caught by the huge lone boulder of white granodiorite in a sea of much smaller-sized chunks of black basalt.
Potholes Coulee - Bruce Bjornstad; Winter 2011; v 8; n 4; pg. 2
Rowena Crest - Overlooking a major chokepoint along the Ice Age Floods path, Rowena Crest lies at nearly 700 feet above the Columbia River at the upstream end of Rowena Plateau, a miles-long promontory that protrudes into the path of the river.